A History of Our Hobby and the Role of the Collector

Categories: The Spotlight|Published On: April 4, 2003|Views: 5|

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No matter where you are in collecting – whether you’ve just begun to feel
the very first sparks of interest in the hobby or whether you’re a seasoned
expert who has devoted years to acquiring information and artifacts of history,
there are two universals that must inevitably be embraced: the ability to learn,
and the ability to change. And with such a vast, even mind boggling amount of
information to be had regarding the history of the hobby and, in turn, the
history of America, learning and dealing with change are as much a part of
collecting as the actual joy of finding a new acquisition.

But before we
go any further, let’s first define a few words that are used quite a bit
throughout this piece. First, toy. A toy is defined as “something a child
plays with.” Second, play. To play is defined as “to engage in
recreation” or “to fiddle around with something.” Third, illustration.
Illustration is defined as “an example that helps make something more clear or
attractive.” Listed at the end of this article, you’ll find a list of dozens of
categories of toys. And, as we discuss the illustration concept, we’re
refelecting on the fact that it has been used through the years not only in
magazines and newspapers but also in the actual design and packaging of toys –
something you may want to keep in mind as you read.

So now, let us go
back to the very early days of America, where the first seeds of expressional
art were sown – seeds that would eventually evolve into the hobby that we now
cherish. The beauty of America is that it is, cliché as it may be, a
melting pot of people and cultures. Everyone who came to settle in this new land
brought with them an astonishing influence from their native land – an influence
of customs, foods, ways of dress, experiences…all of which in turn brought an
array of interests and ideas under one umbrella: America. So, it is not
surprising that, in order for magazines, newspapers and propaganda to
effectively communicate ideas to a large group of people of such differing
backgrounds, illustration art was often used. People grasped the power of an
illustration much more easily than they did a jumble of words…giving artists
great power in society.

But, in those early days, illustrations weren’t
exactly what they are today. They were not so much a form of entertainment as
they were a way to convey to others the state of their world. Though they were
often satirical, and may have provided a few chuckles, they were not consumed by
the masses as a means of enjoyment. A world where entertainment was at the
forefront simply didn’t exist yet, and most people were too preoccupied with the
day to day business of survival – running the farm, putting food on the table,
raising the family – to be concerned with illustrations as anything more than a
fleeting distraction.

All that began to change, however, with the
population boom. In 1860, there were 31 million people living in America. That
number had jumped to 50 million by 1890, and 105 million by 1920. People began
moving off the farms and into the cities, and many people came to America from
abroad – meaning more people than ever were living in closer circles. This
created a tremendous amount of need, and naturally, out of need came ideas.
America started to become more professional, and the notion of advertising
products and marketing new and quickly growing companies came with that.
Machines began to take the place of manual labor. Ovens, washing machines,
cars…these were the gadgets that adults suddenly had to help them perform
their everyday tasks. And that was when something extraordinary happened.
Someone, somewhere along the line took a look at the country’s children, and had
a revolutionary idea. While toys were an age old concept in Europe, never before
had anyone looked at the exciting new gadgets that adults were using and thought
to miniaturize them into toys for the children. We owe a lot to whoever that
person was, for they established the foundation of playthings as we know them
today.

So, with many things that were used by adults suddenly being
remade into smaller replicas for children, it’s no wonder that those adult
illustrations used to show what was going on in society evolved into
illustrations representing fantasy for children. As many of you realize, by the
end of the 1800s, America had already been through quite a bit. The fight for
Independence, a catastrophic Civil War, the abolishment of slavery, the rise of
the cities, Westward expansion, several Presidents … all of which was
captured, for better or worse, by illustrations. And rather than being confined
to one panel, these illustrations started to grow into several-panel
commentaries on the climate of the country. This was quite successful, and
people enjoyed looking at these many-paneled illustrations more than they did
reading – after all, many of them couldn’t read. So, once these types of
illustrations were tailored to children, the comic strip was born.

Then
in 1883, Palmer Cox really took things a step further with his Brownies, which
were introduced in the St. Nicholas Magazine. Through shrewd negotiations
with other companies, the Brownies were licensed out and were soon appearing on
products including cough drops and biscuits. Cox had hit on a formula that would
create a marketing bonanza for his fantasy characters. (In fact, one of the very
first products to feature the characters of the Brownies was “Log Cabin Brownies
Biscuits.” Could it be that the fudgy chocolate dessert we all know and love
today actually got its name from Palmer Cox’s fun-loving little
elves?)

So, this extraordinary marketing concept only grew with each
subsequent decade, and, in order for companies to compete with the success of
the Brownies, creators were forced to come up with more characters. This in turn
led to a proliferation of characters on more and more products and toys. Perfect
examples of this (within a 20-year period of Cox’s Brownies) are the Yellow Kid
(1895) and Buster Brown (1902), which were great success stories in the use of
characters to promote products.

Of course, none of this could have
happened if the parents didn’t agree with it. Fortunately, however, many of them
saw the benefits of giving children toys that had a practical use (a toy stove
was an excellent way to start training a little girl for her future as a
homemaker early, a toy tool set was the perfect way to get little boys used to
the notion of building and fixing), and exposing them to good characters that
had a positive influence. Also, with each transportation innovation that came
about, toys – including bicycles, trains, fire engines, automobiles, planes and
more – were immediately created, further encouraging positive, imaginative play.
And furthermore, children’s magazines of the era were not only entertaining, but
helped children learn to read. So it was no wonder that adults approved. In
fact, many adults had a fondness for giving such toys to children because it
brought back a happy feeling of childhood innocence for them as well.

So
naturally, the increased production of both character and generic toys made
distribution very important. Proper distribution could take a character and make
it familiar to people all over the country, rather than in one specific area.
Soon, more companies were formed, and more and more creative people were able to
find work that previously only existed for a rare few.

Imagination
started to really take off, and while many toys reflected reality, still others
brought strange ideas and far off worlds to life. In fact, inventors were often
influenced by toys – the Wright brothers even got their idea of flight from a
European toy their father had brought for them. And while the toys themselves
were interesting, the stories that were told on the boxes, the colors and
graphics that were used, and the general presentation of the whole toy package
became almost as important as what was inside.

Before long, the profits
from these products began to play a bigger role than ever before. Money given to
creators by product owners would go towards developing more and more vehicles
for a character to be seen – and the success of a character in one media would
pave the way for them to be seen in others. Take, for instance, Mickey Mouse,
who began as character in a cartoon in the movies, The Lone Ranger, who
premiered as a Western character in a radio program, and Superman, who was
introduced as a character in a comic book. All of these characters began in one
place, but eventually evolved into the entire media (newspapers, magazines,
radio, movies, etc.) that existed at their time. What then started to happen,
was that once major success was found with a character in several types of
media, a company would often buy that character from the creator and license it
to other companies to produce still more products for retail. This was the case
with some of history’s greatest characters, and is also the case with today’s
popular characters. Before long, there is so much merchandise pertaining to one
character, that the collector’s interest is piqued and there is enough product
for him to collect.

Of course, many collectors don’t always know
everything that has been made in a given era, and a battle between information
and lack of information could take shape. Oftentimes, there is a possibility of
forming a prejudice against what is already in one’s collection and an intrigue
by what is not – an intrigue that unfortunately could turn to resentment if a
collector cannot afford the piece. Thus, we think it’s very important to discuss
the role the actual collector plays in the hobby.

We think of each
individual collector, with their information about the hobby, as an individual
piece of a puzzle. When collectors come together, more of the puzzle comes
together. And, no matter how limited a given collector’s knowledge may be, they
are an integral part of the whole picture. We can’t emphasize that point enough.
It is crucial for beginning collectors and advanced collectors alike to learn to
respect one another’s perspectives. Beginners haven’t seen the whole picture yet
– but what they have seen of it is right in their minds. And after all,
each collector has to start somewhere.

First, there must first be a
period of time from which a wide enough selection of product has been produced
for there to be interest in owning. How long that period of time must be, no one
can say for sure. But the better we are at documenting and trying to explain
what went on during it, the healthier our hobby will be. And everyone,
regardless of experience, is more often than not drawn towards a certain time
period because of the influence of nostalgia. Nostalgia directly ties in with
the history of life, and the beginning of the joy of collecting comes with
finding the toys that can connect with the way one once felt. It is one step on
a trek through history. Another step comes when, after looking at what children
are doing, there is the realization that many toys that are popular today aren’t
so dramatically different from the toys of the past. Hence, the popularity of
retro toys for children.

Then, once this decade of interest has been
established, the collector begins to advance and branch out into other eras and
other types of toys and products regularly used by adults – including boxes,
wrappers, packages etc, – that are illustrated with comic characters. As an
example, the advanced collector may become interested in the childhood of their
parents and grandparents, and want to participate in owning pieces from those
times as well as from his own childhood. It is important that this happen. When
trying to see the big picture of history, one should never be limited to just a
few characters or just a few types of toys. They only tell a part of the story,
and collectors who remain devoted only to them seldom progress past the beginner
stages of collecting. Many collectors also make the mistake of ignoring certain
pieces from certain eras for fear that the piece will be overlooked as time
moves on. That is nonsense – and will be proven as such as more people continue
to join the hobby and continue to document.

Not surprisingly, however,
many collectors have interests that are not confined only to history. Collectors
are usually very well informed citizens who spend a great deal of time studying
current events and how these events effect what’s going on in society today.
Collectors are also usually people who care. There is still a light about them,
a child-like awe that allows them to still enjoy toys, and a never-ending quest
to keep learning and documenting the history surrounding their collection.

So, we take our hats off to collectors of all stages, and to anyone who
tries to document history. It is a daunting and often under-appreciated task,
but it serves the crucial purpose of bringing the masses closer in touch with
what really happened. Grading, pricing, documenting…it is all still in the
beginning stages, despite the amazing body of information that has already been
acquired, there is still such an enormous amount more out there. And, as
generations pass on, it becomes increasingly more difficult to gather the facts
on a given era of history: so we turn to the products that survive. And with
more and more product always being uncovered, documentations and previously held
ideas are constantly being called into question.

What we want to do is
to let everyone know of the importance of documenting, and to encourage those
who may feel that it’s an unrewarding task. The rewards will come. Keep an open
mind, and continue on the treasure hunt! Though there’s a seemingly constant
difference of opinion between collectors, and the politics and personal
investment involved in the hobby may deter some from speaking up about their
finds, it is important not to let this happen. There’s a soapbox for everyone in
this hobby.

Another important lesson to remember on your collecting
journey is to never let prejudice towards one item over another dictate which
way you allow your collection to grow. Remember that every little trinket has a
fascinating story behind it – and a team of people, many of whom are long gone
now, were behind its conception, development, promotion and distribution. Think
of the Doc Savage Award in this week’s Did You Know – someone created its
design, someone was in charge of its actual manufacture, someone else determined
that it was best to promote the piece as an award given only to those nominated
by another…it is these types details that all come together to better
illuminate the importance of a piece in historical context.

So, as
you continue on the rewarding and fascinating journey of collecting, keep these
thoughts into consideration. Remember how things came to be, and always be on
the lookout for new bits of information to supplement the history it’s so
necessary to preserve. Do it out of respect for the past, do it out of
obligation to the future. And should anyone try and tell you that the hobby is
dying, look them square in the eye and tell them they are wrong. Today, there
are so many books, guides, conventions, magazines, museums and such
devoted to collecting, it is staggering. It has become huge and there are
absolutely no signs that it is going to stop anytime soon. It will succeed in
spite of all of us.

Listed below are some of the categories that
collectors pursue. Also listed is a small sampling of characters, from the
Brownies to the present. There are, of course, hundreds more.
Enjoy!

Types of materials from which Character Collectibles have been
made:

Cardboard, Celluloid, Ceramic, Cloth, Glass, Leather, Metal,
Paper, Plaster, Plastic, Resin, Rubber, Soap, String, Wood

Types of
Items on which Comic Characters can be found:

Action Figures, Ads,
Airplanes, Albums, Ash Trays, Awards, Badges, Balloons, Balls, Bandannas, Banks,
Battery Toys, Bean Bags, Beanie Babies, Beanies, Belts, Big Little Books,
Billfolds, Binoculars, Blotters, Bobbing head Dolls, Bookmarks, Books,
Bottlecaps, Bottles, Bowls, Boxes, Bracelets, Bubble Bath Soakies, Buses,
Buttons, Calendars, Cameras, Candles, Candy, Candy Containers, Candy Machines,
Car Emblems, Cards, Cars, Casting Sets, Catalogs, Cereal Box Premiums, Cereal
Boxes, Certificates, Chains, Charms, Christmas Cards, Christmas Lights, Circus
Premiums, Clickers, Clocks, Club Kits, Coasters, Code Books, Coins, Colorform
Sets, Coloring Books, Coloring Sets, Comic book Stands, Comic books, Compasses,
Concert Programs, Cookie Cutters, Cookie Jars, Costumes, Coupons, Cracker Jack
Toys, Crayon Sets, Cups, Cut-Out Books, Decals, Decoders, Detective Kits,
Dishes, Doll Patterns, Dolls, Drawings, Envelopes, Eyeglasses, Fans, Fast Food
Premiums, Figurines, Films, Fishing Kits, Flashlights, Flickers, Flip Books,
Folders, Footwear, Forks, Friction Toys, Games, Gasoline Premiums, Glasses,
Globes, Gloves, Golden Books, Greeting Cards, Gum Cards, Gum Wrappers, Gun
Holsters, Guns, Gyroscopes, Hair Accessories, Handbags, Handbills, Handbooks,
Handkerchiefs, Hats, Helmets, Ice Cream Lids, Ingots, Instructions, Jackets,
Kaleidoscopes, Key Chains, Kites, Knives, Labels, Lamps, Lariats, Leaflets,
Letter Openers, Letters, License Plates, Lighters, Lithographs, Lobby Cards,
Locks, Lunch Bottles, Lunch Boxes, Magazines, Magic Answer Boxes, Magic Sets,
Magic Slates, Magnets, Magnifiers, Mailers, Make-Up Kits, Manuals, Maps,
Marbles, Marionettes, Masks, Matches, Mechanical Toys, Medals, Membership Cards,
Merchandise Catalogs, Microscopes, Mirrors, Mobiles, Model Kits, Money Clips,
Movie Premiums, Movie Programs, Movie Viewers, Mugs, Musical Instruments,
Napkins, Necklaces, Necktie Slides, Neckties, Newsletters, Newspaper Premiums,
Newspapers, Night Lights, Noisemakers, Notepaper, Original Art, Ornaments,
Package Seeds, Paddles, Paint Sets, Paper Money, Paperbacks, Paper Dolls,
Paperweights, Party Supplies, Patches, Pedometers, Pen Holders, Pencil Boxes,
Pencil Erasers, Pencil Holders, Pencil Sharpeners, Pencils, Pennants, Pens,
Periscopes, Pez, Phonographs, Photo Frames, Photos, Pillows, Pin Wheels,
Pinbacks, Pinball Machines, Pins, Pitchers, Placemats, Planters, Plaques,
Plates, Playsets, Pocket Watches, Pop-Up Books, Post Cards, Posters, Pottery,
Press Books, Printing Sets, Prints, Product Containers, Projection Equipment,
Prototypes, Pull Toys, Pulps, Punch-Out Sets, Punching Bags, Puppets, Puzzles,
Radio Guides, Radio Premiums, Radios, Records, Ribbons, Rings, Robots, Rockets,
Rugs, Rulers, Salt and Pepper Shakers, Sandbox Toys, Scales, Scarves, School
Bags, Science Kits, Scissors, Scrapbooks, Scripts, Sewing Kits, Sheet Music,
Shirts, Show Tickets, Signs, Sirens, Skates, Sleds, Snow Domes, Soap, Song
Books, Spaceships, Sparklers, Spinners, Spoons, Sporting Goods, Spurs, Squeeze
Toys, Stamps, Standees, Star Finders, Stickers, Stools, Straws, Suspenders,
Sweaters, Swords, Tags, Targets, Tattoos, Telephones, Telescopes, Thermometers,
Tie Bars, Tin Containers, Toothbrush Holders, Toothbrushes, Tote Bags, Toy
Boats, Toy Chests, Toy Televisions, Trains, Transfers, Trays, Trucks, TV Guides,
TV Premiums, Umbrellas, Valentines, Videos, Viewers, Walkie Talkies,
Wastebaskets, Whistles, Wind-Up Toys, Wrappers, Wrapping Paper, Wrist Watches,
Writing Paper, Yearbooks, Yo-Yos

And finally, a few major Characters
through the years:


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